OOPs Basic Concept :

Programming:

• Programming is a way of giving instructions to computer about what they should do next.
• These instructions are known as code & programmers write the code to solve the problems or perform a task.
• So, we can control the machine by programming.
• Trial & Error is possible in programming.

Paradigm:

• Paradigm means Idea.
• Some programming paradigm are mentioned below.
  • Procedure Oriented Programming
  • Functional Programming
  • Modular Programming
  • Object Oriented Programming

Multiparadigm:

• Below languages are multiparadigm
  • Java – It supports OOPs & FP paradigm
  • Python – It supports OOPs, FP & POP paradigm
  • Javascript – It supports OOPs, FP & POP paradigm

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING :

• OOPs is a methodology or paradigm to design a program
• It provides below concepts
  • Encapsulation
  • Inheritance
  • Abstraction
  • Polymorphism

Class:

• It is a template or blueprint that describes the state & behavior of the object.
• Collection of object is known as class.
• It allocates memory for objects.

Objects:

• Real world entity
• It represents class / It is instance of a class
• It is memory reference of a class
• It is combination of states & behaviors

Example:

• Vehicle – Class & Car, Jeep – Object
• India – Class & Citizen – Object
• Human – Class & Man & Women – Object
• Fruit – Class & Apple, Mango, Banana – Object
• Food – Class & Briyani, Sampar rice – Object

Method:

• Set of instructions grouped together to perform a certain activity / task is known as method.
• Activities (Methods) are done by objects & class.
• Ex:
  • Watching TV is one task or activity.
  • Switch on & off the TV, Change the channel, Increase & Decrease the volume these are the set of instructions for watching TV.

Encapsulation:

• It is the process of hiding the information details & protecting the data.
• Ex:
  • Bank does not share our account details with others. Those account details are viewed by respective person.
  • Bank hides the information from external & keeping our data securely.
• Access Modifiers in java, that specifies the accessibility or scope of a variable, method, constructor & class.
• Access Modifiers do major role in data protection.

Inheritance:

• It is the process of creating one class from an existing class.
• It leads to the concept of re usability which means the features of the existing class (base class) can be used in the new class (derived class) without rewriting it.
• Ex:
  • Child inherits the activities / properties from their parents.

Abstraction:

• The process of showing only essential things & hiding the background details / inner details.
• Ex:
  • We can handle TV, Washing machine, AC, Vehicles & ATM card yet we don’t have the knowledge of their inner operations.

Polymorphism:

• Poly means Many & Morphism means faces / Different form.
• One task performed in different ways is known as polymorphism.
• Ex:
  • A person at the same time can have different characteristics.
  • He is a son, brother, husband, father, employee & friend.
  • Same person have different character in different situation.